- Europeans Scientific Revolution took place mid-16th and early 18th century
- No longer relied on religious ideas, wanted explanations from facts and scientific evidence
- Science used to legitimize racial & gender inequlities
The Questions of Origins: Why Europe?
- Islam was much more advanced mathematically, medically, and in astronomy
- Europe evolved a legal system where a group of people (Church, Town, Universities) had certain rights to regulate and control their own members
- Major figures in the Scientific Revolution were affiliated with Universities in Europe
- In the Islamic world science was patronized by local authorities
- Arab medical, astronomical and greek information played a major role in the rebirth of European natural philosophy
- Europe had a wave of new information about lands, people, animals etc. exclusive to them
Science as Cultural Revolution
- European used to have a view of the world derived from Aristotle
- Breakthrough of Scientific Rev. was Nicolaus Copernicus, sun was at the center of the universe
- Johannes Kepler realized planets follow elliptical orbits
- Isaac Newton formulated laws of motion and gravity, creating calculus
- Rene Descartes emphasizing math and logic, creating geometry
Science and Enlightenment
- Ideas of the Scientific Rev. spread to the European public during the 18th century
- In the 1700's women's right were being questioned, and women were bring defended
- What made enlightenment revolutionary was that it was based on human progress
Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century
- Perspectives on Enlightenment heavily challenged
- New ideas sparked, Darwinism
- Ideas of changing human civilizations came about
- New psychological ideas, Freud
European Science beyond the West
- Ideas of Scientific Rev. spread globally
- European science impacted Chinese scholars
- Ottoman scholars chose not to translate major European findings
Cultural Borrowing and Its Hazards
- Borrowing is selective not wholesale
- Caused some conflict
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